Wednesday, May 6, 2020
A Discussion On Earthquakes Essay Example For Students
A Discussion On Earthquakes Essay Perhaps Mother Nature offers no greater force than that of theearthquake. Across the span of time, earthquakes have been recorded for theirincredibledestructive forces, and their abilities to awe mankind with theirunparalleledforce. Earthquakes can often strike without any notice, leveling largecitiesand killing scores of innocent people. Not only can earthquakes bring harmtosociety through these methods of destruction, but they can also causemillionsof dollars worth of damage to the areas they destroy, causing economicchaos. An earthquake is a natural phenomenon, occurring throughout the history oftheworld. Descriptions as old as recorded history show the significanteffectsearthquakes have had on peoples lives. Long before there were scientifictheories for the cause of earthquakes, people around the world createdfolkloreto explain them. Until recent times, science has not had a completeunderstanding of how earthquakes are caused, and what can be done topredictwhen they will strike. This essay will discuss how earthquakes are formedandoccur, how scientists can more accurately predict the arrival ofearthquakes. Before contemplating how earthquakes might possibly be prevented, itisessential that the process and formation of and earthquake be understood. Earthquakes are caused when the earths crustal plates move, rub, or pushagainst each other. The earths crust (the outer layer of the earth) ismade upof seven major plates and approximately thirteen smaller ones. The nameplateis used to describe these portions of the earths crust because they areliterally plates or sections, composed of dirt and rock. These platesfloaton molten lava, called magma. Since the plates are floating on magma, theycanslowly move. The place where friction occurs between plates is called afault. A fault is a crack in a plate or a place where two or more plates meet. Anexample of a fault where two plates meet is the San Andreas fault inCalifornia,where the Pacific and North American plates meet. The plates are about30miles thick under land and can be one to five miles thick beneath theocean. The plates move because of convection currents. Magma has currents liketheocean does, that move in a circular motion beneath the plates. When twoplatesare pushing against each other, they are constantly building up tension onthefault. When two plates finally slip, they release a great amount of energyinthe form of shock waves. These shock waves cause vibrations, which in turncause the ground around the fault line to move and shake. This phenomenonisknow as an earthquake. Because of the incredible destructive capabilities of earthquakes,scientists are constantly trying to devise ways to ensure their earlydetection. Earth scientists have begun to forecast damaging earthquakes in California. Although quake forecasting is still maturing, it is now reliable enough tomakeofficial earthquake warnings possible. These warnings help government,industry,and private citizens prepare for large earthquakes and conduct rescue andrecovery efforts in the aftermath of destructive shocks. In recent years,earthquake forecasting has advanced from a research frontier to an emergingscience. This science is now being applied in quake-plagued California,whereshocks are closely monitored and have been studied for many years. Earthquakeforecasts declare that a temblor has a certain probability of occurringwithin agiven time, not that one will definitely strike. In this way they aresimilarto weather forecasts. Scientists are able to make earthquake forecastsbecausequakes tend to occur in clusters that strike the same area within a limitedtimeperiod. The largest quake in a cluster is called the mainshock, thosebefore itare called foreshocks, and those after it are called aftershocks. .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 , .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 .postImageUrl , .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 , .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1:hover , .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1:visited , .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1:active { border:0!important; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1:active , .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1 .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue32b27aabbc3b500673327509996e7c1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tortilla Curtain EssayIn any cluster, most quakes are aftershocks. Most aftershocks aretoosmall to cause damage, but following a large mainshock one or more maybepowerful. Such strong aftershocks can cause additional damage andcasualties inareas already devastated by a mainshock, and also threaten the lives ofrescuerssearching for the injured. In the first few weeks after the 1994 magnitude6.7Northridge, California, earthquake, more than 3,000 aftershocks occurred. Onemagnitude 5.2 aftershock caused $7 million in damage just in electricutilityequipment in the Los Angeles area alone. The U. S. Geological Survey(USGS)first began forecasting aftershocks following the 1989 magnitude 7.1 LomaPrieta,California, earthquake. By studying previous earthquakes, scientists haddetected patterns in the way aftershocks decrease in number and magnitudewithtime. With such knowledge, scientists can estimate the daily odds for theoccurrence of damaging aftershocks following large California temblors. Theseforecasts are relayed directly to the California Office of EmergencyServices(OES) as well as to the public. Some of the more larger earthquakes are preceded by foreshocks. Knowledge of past earthquake patterns allows scientists to estimate theoddsthat
Friday, May 1, 2020
Accountant Play in Business Operations â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Accountant Play in Business Operations. Answer: Introduction: Hiring of an accountant is no more limited to only book-keeping. An accountant has a very significant role to play at the various stages of a companys growth. The fact about learning about risk and return is important as they have a major contribution to make from the time a person or a group of people plan to set up a business to the application for loans to audits. Globalization has also contributed towards diversifying an accountants role. Organizations can no more wait for the year to end so as to know the complete picture about the performance due to increase competition. They continuously require a complete, honest, noticeable and accurate data about their performance which needs to be assessed on a regular basis. All this helps them to take quick decisions. Accounting is the fundamental instrument with which the companies evaluate their financial performance and additionally makes tactical choices(Vitez, 2017). Risk is a part of any business organization and is indispensable by nature. It causes the company to face various perils. Due to same, it is a necessity to examine the level of risk which a company is ready to accept so as to conduct its business profitably. Some of the common kinds of risks being faced by a company is strategic, financial, operational and compliance related. But of the four, financial related risks is the most dangerous. It is the duty of an accountant to identify the level of financial risk a company is facing while dealing with the accounting of the same (Davis, 2016). Globalization has made it mandatory for an accountant to take into account foreign exchange as well as interest rate risks. The fact that an accountant simply provides an over view of the expected risk a company may be facing basis the accounts that it handles cannot be denied. It cannot give a clear estimation of the probable hazards even though learning about the risks faced by any organization is a must for an accountant today. Further to this, he is also expected to check upon the returns being generated by the company. The relationship sandwiched between risk and return is a chief aspect that aids an investor in making good investment decision. Putting in money into different fiscal instruments is agreed upon by many as a remarkable accounting practice. It is the duty of an accountant to keep a tracker for all the instruments which are debt related and maintaining a risk and return with regards these instruments would lend a helping hand to the accountant for making right and more trustworthy accounting decisions(Blokhin, 2015). It is the duty of an accountant to accumulate, document, inspect and converse information about the financial activities of a company. The main job of an accountant is to monitor and arrange accurate and complete financial proceedings. They accomplish synopsis of the monetary performance of the company. Appropriate investigation of financial records by preparing assets, liabilities and reviewing capital of the company is what an accountant does (Fontinelle, 2017). His liability extends till ensuring exactness of the financial trading undertaken by a company along with undeterred observance to the rules and regulations laid down by the institutes. Since an accountant is accountable for the appropriate recording of the finances of an entity, it is very important for an accountant to evaluate the risks and returns connected with the said entity. Further depending upon the accounts prepared by an accountant, the auditors of a company both internal as well as external determine about the truthfulness of the data published, thereby giving an insight to the various investors and those who intend to invest in the company with regards its performance. Depending upon the report submitted by these auditors the monetary status is understood which in turn has a long lasting implication on the market value of the company (Solution Matrix Limited., 2015). The owners i..e the shareholders and the promoters of an entity are able to take decisions with regards what, how and when to undertake a strategy for improvement and development, all revolves around the details provided by an accountant in the financial statements of the dealings undertaken along with the analysis with regards the risk and return. The accountants also undertake financial ratio analysis which acts as a tool in the hands of the organization to compare and contrast with the competitors. Thereby it is very clear that studying of the risk and return is of equal importance for an accountant in the present scenario(Isiavwe, 2016). Talking further in the same, the accountant is one who helps to prepare the accounts and present the summary in such a format which enables the organization to avail loans easily. Hence it is indispensable for any accountant to be aware of the expected financial gains; a data which is very useful in the context of application for loans. Conclusion On a summarizing note, the above discussion makes it clear that an accountants position in any entity is of utmost importance. He plays a pivotal role in execution of all finances such as preparation of accounts and communication of the same in various forms and with various analysis to the people who require it such as financiers and investors. Knowledge is crucial but along with the same, an accountant is expected to be hard working, honest, dependable and ambitious. Superior logical expertise along with possessing the potential to examine the risks with regards the entity which would in turn entail to take good and sound decisions for budgeting as well as external financing and to project the future prospects for the company is important in the present modern, composite and energetic business background. References: Blokhin, A., (2015), Why Is It Important for an investor to understand business accounting, Available at https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042715/why-it-important-investor-understand-business-accounting.asp (Accessed 05th October 2017) Davis,S.S., (2016), What Role Does An Accountant Play In Business Operations? Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/role-accountant-play-business-operations-411.html (Accessed 05th October 2017) Isiavwe,D., (2016), The role of the Accountant in Modern Business Organizations, Available at file:///C:/Users/E-ZONE/Downloads/The%20Role%20of%20Accountants%20in%20Modern%20Business%20Organizations.pdf (Accessed 05th October 2017) Fontinelle,A., (2017),What Management Accountants Do, Available at https://www.investopedia.com/articles/professionals/041713/what-management-accountants-do.asp (Accessed 05th October 2017) Solution Matrix Limited., (2015), Accountant and Accounting Explained. Definition and meaning in business. Available at https://www.business-case-analysis.com/accountant.html (Accessed 05th October 2017) Vitez, O., (2017), Role of Accounting in the Modern Business Environment, Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/role-accounting-modern-business-environment-4010.html (Accessed 05th October 2017)
Saturday, April 11, 2020
Benefits Of Free Samples Of A Research Essay
Benefits Of Free Samples Of A Research EssayPeople who participate in online studies have the opportunity to obtain free samples of a research essay. But that is not all, if you attend a workshop or get a personal tutor who offers these services, you will be given the sample material at no charge.Some of these services offer you samples of a research essay in different formats, for example essay outline, as well as practice essays. These sample papers and the sample essays are almost similar, but there are some minor differences, like if you are looking for a sample paper on a topic related to your own field of interest.One of the benefits that comes with these free samples of a research essay is that you can test the essay before you commit to writing it. These samples are worth several hours of work. For example, an online essay sample is based on this type of essay, which is considered an excellent example.The other good thing about these free samples of a research essay is that y ou can use them for referencing purposes. There are a lot of sample essays on the internet, so you should be able to find the right one for you. This is an advantage because you do not have to spend much time to search for a good reference sample.The free samples of a research essay will definitely prove beneficial because you will get enough time to write the essay without having to worry about the deadlines of the papers. Since they come at no cost, you have nothing to lose. All you have to do is to study the sample thoroughly, and then when you are finished, you can start writing your own essay.The disadvantages of these free samples of a research essay are that you cannot make notes in the papers. So if you would like to have a quick revision, you will have to invest money for having a private tutor.Another disadvantage of these samples is that they are not of a high quality. They may not be worth the cost because the sample can only provide you the basics and you will have to m ake many changes in order to make it perfect.
Saturday, March 21, 2020
Tips and Tricks to Identify Effects for Each Cause
Tips and Tricks to Identify Effects for Each Cause The first rule of essay writing is to remember there are multiple types of essay one can write. The chances are high youââ¬â¢ll have to work on all of them at some point of your university education and after. If you work as an essayà writer, thereââ¬â¢ll come the time when youââ¬â¢ll receive a special assignment that requires a particular type of essay writing, and your job is to make that happen. Cause and effect essay is just one example, but itââ¬â¢s poorly understood. Some may regard it as complicated, but once you learn how to create a functional outline, it will be easier. To help you out, Iââ¬â¢m going to show you how to construct cause and effect paper successfully. Youââ¬â¢ll see, itââ¬â¢s easier than it seems! How differentiate cause and effect? Letââ¬â¢s start with the definition first. Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things occur (causes) and their outcomes (effects). This type of writing poses as a standard method of organizing and discussing ideas. Here, the author demonstrates his/her ability to connect the reasons and their consequences in a logical and evidence-based manner. Naturally, a cause is an answer to why a particular event occurs and effect refers to things that happen because of it. Although the explanation is quite simple, many students find it difficult to differentiate causes and effects. Since the successful completion of your paper depends on the ability to know the difference between causes and effects, you should take your time with this. Thereââ¬â¢s no reason to rush and construct your outline when you arenââ¬â¢t sure how to set apart two main factors. For example, global warming is an effect whose causes are deforestation, pollution, climate change and so on. To determine the cause, you should ask yourself ââ¬Å"Why did this happen?â⬠while effects are usually the answers you get after asking ââ¬Å"What happe ed because of this?â⬠In the example mentioned above, you have global warming as an effect of multiple causes. This allows you to complete your essay discussing different factors that contributed to global warming while citing official sources, respected journals, and so on. In a way, cause and effect essay is similar to an argumentative essay. You have to prove certain cause led to some particular effect, just like argumentative essay writing requires showing that your argument about some subject is valid. When youââ¬â¢re in doubt, always ask yourself why and what, and youââ¬â¢ll get your answer. Sometimes you wonââ¬â¢t have to describe both causes and effects throughout the essay. In some instances, youââ¬â¢ll just have to explain causes of some effect or effects that occurred due to some cause. Structure of cause and effect essay As mentioned above, adequate structure and proper outline are the keys in the successful completion of cause and effect essay. The structure of your work will depend on the type of subject i.e. whether the essay will discuss both causes and effects combined or one of these factors individually. Below, you can see three possible variants and their outlines. Variation #1: Multiple causes, one effect This kind of work refers to the situation when one effect is a result of multiple causes. The paper should consist of five paragraphs, introduction and conclusion, and three sections wherein each one describes one cause. Variation #2: One cause, multiple effects Unlike the previous variant, this type of essay writing is used for situations when a single cause induces a multitude of effects. Five paragraphs make up the outline of the essay, introduction and conclusion, and three sections for each effect. Variation #3: Domino effect (causal chain) The last variant of this kind of essay refers to instances when a single cause leads to a certain effect. Then, that effect leads to some other situation, and so on. Every situation might have different causes and effects that you have to mention and elaborate. For domino effect essay youââ¬â¢ll need to construct seven paragraphs: introduction and conclusion, and five causal link sections. Writing your cause and effect essay Now that you know how the outline of your essay should look, you can proceed to the writing process. Itââ¬â¢s always useful to have a schematic demonstration of your outline on a piece of paper. This will help you with the context, research, and ensures you donââ¬â¢t drift away from the subject, which happens sometimes. This part is just the accumulation of your plans, notes, and details gathered, and it happens to be the most demanding aspect of essay writing. You have to showcase your knowledge about the topic as well as your vocabulary and discuss the given subject to keep the readerââ¬â¢s eyes locked on the paper. Below, you can see valuable tips that will help you construct each part of your essay. Introduction As always, your essay starts with the introduction. Although very overlooked, the intro is vital. It sets the tone, catches readerââ¬â¢s attention, and creates a sound basis for the entire paper. This part shouldnââ¬â¢t be too long; a few sentences are enough. Start by quoting someone, mentioning some general info or anecdote and move your way to the thesis statement. Thesis statement informs the reader what he or she will read about; it also navigates the course of your essay. The introductory part should end with a thesis (one to two sentences long). Here are some thesis tips for cause and effect essay: Variation #1 ââ¬â mentions the general effect of the situation and names three causes that led to it Variation #2 ââ¬â mentions one specific cause that created numerous effects Variation #3 ââ¬â names the first and last part of the causal link chain The thesis statement should be precise and easy to understand. The last thing you want is to create confusion that would prevent professor (or client) from reading the rest of the text you wrote and submitted. Causes/effects paragraphs Sections that elaborate causal links, causes and effects are the central part of your work. Each cause or effect should be divided to different paragraph to create a clear flow of situations and consequences. Letââ¬â¢s say you have to write about global warming; itââ¬â¢s not enough to mention pollution, deforestation, and so on. You have to provide accurate and reliable info that will confirm that they, indeed, contribute to the problem you specified. Whenever you use some information, website, study, or journal donââ¬â¢t forget to acknowledge it. Plus, mentioning reliable sources only contributes to the quality of your paper. For that purpose, itââ¬â¢s wise to avoid personal blogs and unreliable websites, despite how tempting they might seem. Research and organizing info you found are crucial for the quality of your text. Organization is the key, and you can do it in a few different ways: Chronological order ââ¬â arrange details in order they occurred According to importance ââ¬â organize info from the least important to the most importance or vice versa Categorical manner ââ¬â divide the topic into different parts or categories and arrange details accordingly Once youââ¬â¢re done describing one causal link, effect, or cause, youââ¬â¢re ready to move to the next paragraph, and so on. However, you just canââ¬â¢t just skip from one subject to another. Instead, you should make a smooth transition to retain the logical flow and avoid choppiness. To accomplish this, you can start navigating the subject to the one youââ¬â¢re going to discuss in the next paragraph by mentioning something they have in common. This will allow you to elaborate the next cause/effect/causal link without making it look weird. You can also use transitional words for both causes and effects. Causes: Due to Because First Second Since Another is On cause is Effects: Consequently As a result Thus Resulted in Therefore Thereby One result is Conclusion The importance of conclusion is underestimated, but you shouldnââ¬â¢t ruin your hard work on the essay with a wrong conclusion, right? Conclusion should: Restate the topic and why itââ¬â¢s important Summarize causes and effects discussed Call for action regarding the subject i.e. why we should help fight global warming and what could happen if we donââ¬â¢t Keep this in mind Donââ¬â¢t forget your purpose: are you writing the essay to inform a reader about causes/effects or your aim is to persuade someone? Limit yourself onto causes that are close in time and related i.e. they should have a direct relationship Improve the quality of your essay with facts, definition of some terms, statistics, examples, and so on Be precise and on point, donââ¬â¢t exaggerated effects or causes just to prove your point Donââ¬â¢t say ââ¬Å"evidenceâ⬠or ââ¬Å"proofâ⬠if youââ¬â¢re not going to support those words with actual evidence. The information isnââ¬â¢t automatically valid just because you write ââ¬Å"a growing body of evidence supportsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Bottom line Cause and effect essay aims to discuss the situations where one (or more) causes lead to one (or more) events. To write this paper and get positive feedback, you just have to know how to create an adequate structure, and this article taught you that. With a little bit of practice, youââ¬â¢ll find it incredibly easy. In fact, why donââ¬â¢t you start now? Write cause and effect essay about global warming and see how youââ¬â¢ll do.
Thursday, March 5, 2020
Cigarette advertising essays
Cigarette advertising essays What are cigarette advertisements really selling you? When we look at cigarette advertising in todays society we see that it portrays smoking as a non-harmful addiction. If you spend some time looking through a magazine, I guarantee that you will stumble upon at least seven different cigarette ads from such popular companies as Camel to Marlboro. Each ad gives you a different perspective at each brands ideal image of cigarette smoking. Of course we all remember Joe Camel, the retired mascot for Camel cigarettes. Joe would be shown in many different ads all pimped out in his pink Cadillac with a sweet looking female camel in the passenger seat and he would always be smoking a cigarette. Since Joe was a cartoon and he showcased a badass image he was banned from Camel advertising for his appeal to young children. Since the loss of this cartoon pin-up the Camel Company has had to come up with some other ways to persuade you to buy their cigarettes. While I was flipping through an issue of Cosmopolitan Magazine looking for all the slamming ladies and also the article on how to keep my hair from frizzing up, I came across an ad for Camel cigarettes. What first caught my attention was the attractive woman in a fancy silver dress. She was standing on a stage and looked to be passionately singing into a microphone holding a cigarette in her hand, and they headlined the ad with the phrase Camel a pleasure to burn. When I saw all this, the sheer stupidity of this advertisement made me laugh. How could they show this women singing and smoking at the same time? Have you ever heard the coughing and wheezing of a smoker? No offense to anybody that smokes, but I doubt this woman could hold a note for more than fifteen seconds after smoking for a couple of years. What causes a person to buy Cigarettes such as Camel? Is it the pleasure they get after soothing their addiction with a nice smoke? Or is it the images that cigarette ...
Tuesday, February 18, 2020
Compare and contrast Code of Hammurabi and Tao Te Ching Essay
Compare and contrast Code of Hammurabi and Tao Te Ching - Essay Example Again, he advocated for self-mastery in that he considered one as having true power in mastering himself. He was outspoken to criticize those leader with high egos but rather cherished the works of leaders who inspired people to realize their capability and work to achieve success. He also had an advice to those who give up so easily when things get tough. He sees the reason and importance of perseverance in that by incorporating the quotation on the long journey starting by a single stride. From my analysis, an essential message can be derived from Taoââ¬â¢s works. Firstly, the philosopher naturally came out to present a reasoned source in his claims. Occasionally it is not always what that source is, however, it is not advisable to presume that he wrote strictly from his own view or urge. Taoââ¬â¢s thoughts were decisively supported and intricately linked. I think this is one of the reasons as to why his philosophical vision has been so successful. Tao Te Ching was strongly contributes to todayââ¬â¢s ethical catch-22, he provides solutions as well as causing such dilemmas. According to Tao Te Ching, human beings need to all live a unbiased life. Despite the fact that Tao and teaches about humans living in harmony, he does not reveal the penalty, and a strong base of correct and erroneous. He edifies that there truly no sin. This portrays how Taoââ¬â¢s verses lacked the moral sense hence he does not provide a basis for human to lay their lives on. Tao enlightens us on making ourselves happy rather than looking on to other people for us to find happiness. In comparison to Hammurabi who was a leader of the Babylonians, he enthusiastically understood the importance of justice. And in an effort to realize his goal, he required a single collective set of rules for all of the different kind people he dominated. Consequently, he sent legal
Monday, February 3, 2020
Organizational Design and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Organizational Design and Culture - Essay Example Culture tends to be presented in the change literature as a variable, which is susceptible to control and available to management for manipulation. Yet sociologists and anthropologists of various persuasions have long argued for a more organic, processual and dynamic approach to questions of culture than the rather narrow materialist view would suggest. Organizational cultures are continuously constructed and reconstructed through interaction and intervention at the everyday level: they are constantly in process and tend largely to resist central control. This is reflected in the poor track record of many planned corporate culture programmes: while a few mission statements and indoctrination sessions might change senior management' s perspective.Culture assumes significance usually because the strategy of the organization, the type of people in power and its structure and systems reflect the dominant managerial ideology or culture. Furthermore, such managerial ideologies may be more important than environmental factors in guiding organizational response. Managerial ideology, in recent years, has focused on the core characteristics associated with the "best run", "achievement-oriented", "excellent" organizations. Core dimensions include an action focus, high customer awareness; entrepreneurship; and autonomy. Therefore by implication, it is being suggested that a model which assumes low employee commitment simply cannot match the standards of excellence set by world-class manufacturers.
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